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Internet of Musical Things Ontology (IoMusT)

Release 2019-06-10T10:00:00

This version:
http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/0.1
Latest version:
https://fr4ncidir.github.io/IoMusT/
Ontology available at:
http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things
Authors:
Francesco Antoniazzi
Contributors:
Luca Turchet
Gyorgy Fazekas
Download serialization:
JSON-LD RDF/XML N-Triples TTL
License:
https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
Visualization:
Visualize with WebVowl
Cite as:
Luca Turchet, Francesco Antoniazzi, Fabio Viola, Fausto Giunchiglia, György Fazekas, The Internet of Musical Things Ontology, Journal of Web Semantics, 2020, 100548, ISSN 1570-8268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2020.100548.
Ontology Specification Draft

Abstract

The Internet of Musical Things (IoMusT) is an emerging research area consisting of the extension of the Internet of Things paradigm to the music domain. Interoperability represents a central issue within this domain, where heterogeneous objects dedicated to the production and/or reception of musical content (Musical Things) are envisioned to communicate between each other. This paper proposes an ontology for the representation of the knowledge related to IoMusT ecosystems to facilitate interoperability between Musical Things. There was no previous comprehensive data model for the IoMusT domain, however the new ontology relates to existing ontologies, including the SOSA Ontology for the representation of sensors and actuators and the Music Ontology focusing on the production and consumption of music. This paper documents the design of the ontology and its evaluation with respect to specific requirements gathered from an extensive literature review, which was based on scenarios involving IoMusT stakeholders, such as performers and audience members.

Introduction back to ToC

Namespace declarations

Table 1: Namespaces used in the document
iomust<http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things>
iot<http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things>
schema<http://schema.org>
ns<http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns>
owl<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl>
xsd<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema>
bio<http://purl.org/vocab/bio/0.1>
skos<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core>
rdfs<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema>
music<http://purl.org/ontology/mo>
terms<http://purl.org/dc/terms>
xml<http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>
vann<http://purl.org/vocab/vann>
event<http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/event.owl>
wot<http://xmlns.com/wot/0.1>
prov<http://www.w3.org/ns/prov>
foaf<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1>
sosa<http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa>
cc<http://web.resource.org/cc>
label<http://purl.org/net/vocab/2004/03/label>
co<http://purl.org/co>
core<http://purl.org/ontology/ao/core>
rdf<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns>
timeline<http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/timeline.owl>
terms1<http://open.vocab.org/terms>
device<http://purl.org/ontology/studio/device>
dc<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1>
data-view<http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view>

Internet of Musical Things Ontology (IoMusT): Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Annotation Properties

Cross reference for Internet of Musical Things Ontology (IoMusT) classes, properties and dataproperties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Internet of Musical Things Ontology (IoMusT).

Classes

agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent

An agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity.
has sub-classes
software agent c

agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent

The Agent class is the class of agents; things that do stuff. A well known sub-class is Person, representing people. Other kinds of agents include Organization and Group. The Agent class is useful in a few places in FOAF where Person would have been overly specific. For example, the IM chat ID properties such as jabberID are typically associated with people, but sometimes belong to software bots.

applicationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/Application

The semantic endpoint tagging together all elements, items and agents involved in an activity.
has sub-classes
interactive application c, learning application c, musical thing application c
is in domain of
involves op, produces op
is in range of
is involved in op, is produced by op
is disjoint with
event c, collection c, connection c, thing c

collectionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/co#Collection

Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529.
has sub-classes
stage equipment c
is in range of
element of op
is disjoint with
event c, application c, connection c, thing c

connected thingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/ConnectedThing

Any thing connected to a communication network.
has super-classes
thing c

connectionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/Connection

Any connection that allow communication from a thing to another.
is in domain of
connects op
is in range of
has connection op
is disjoint with
event c, collection c, application c, thing c

eventc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/event.owl#Event

Citing from the ontology website, An arbitrary classification of a space/time region, by a cognitive agent. An event may have actively participating agents, passive factors, products, and a location in space/time.
is in domain of
is produced by op
is in range of
produces op
is disjoint with
collection c, application c, connection c, thing c

instrumentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Instrument

Citing the Music ontology web page: Any of various devices or contrivances that can be used to produce musical tones or sound. Any taxonomy can be used to subsume this concept. The default one is one extracted by Ivan Herman from the Musicbrainz instrument taxonomy, conforming to SKOS. This concept holds a seeAlso link towards this taxonomy.

interactive applicationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/InteractiveApplication

An IoT application that is interactive (i.e., directly communicates with the user)
has super-classes
application c

learning applicationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/LearningApplication

An application devoted to learning of some kind of concept, technology, art...
has super-classes
application c

musical thingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/iomust/MusicalThing

A thing used to produce or enjoy music, with reference to its context.
has super-classes
thing c
has sub-classes
smart instrument c, smart musical thing c, wearable musical thing c

musical thing applicationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/iomust/MusicalThingApplication

If an iot:Application instance is also connected through iot:isInvolvedIn to an instance of a class belonging to the Music Ontology, or to the iomust namespace, then it is also an instance of iomust:MusicalThingApplication.
is equivalent to
application c and (involves op some musical thing c)
has super-classes
application c

smart instrumentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/iomust/SmartInstrument

A smart musical thing that is also an instrument, in the sense given by the Music Ontology
is equivalent to
smart thing c and instrument c
has super-classes
musical thing c

smart musical thingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/iomust/SmartMusicalThing

A musical thing that is also a smart thing.
has super-classes
musical thing c

smart thingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/SmartThing

Smart things, e.g., a smartphone, a smart TV, include special technological features or artifacts that provide them with relevant added value over the basic version of the same object.
has super-classes
thing c

software agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent

Citing the ontology website: A software agent is running software.
has super-classes
agent c
is in domain of
runs on op
is in range of
runs op

stage equipmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/iomust/StageEquipment

A collection of musical things serving as equipment. The definition of collection can be extracted from external ontologies designed ad hoc for this, like the collection ontology by Ciccarese et al.
has super-classes
collection c
has sub-classes
stage screen c, stage smoke machine c

stage screenc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things#StageScreen

has super-classes
stage equipment c

stage smoke machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things#StageSmokeMachine

has super-classes
stage equipment c

thingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/Thing

Any physical object relevant from a user or application perspective.
has super-classes
device c
has sub-classes
connected thing c, musical thing c, smart thing c, wearable thing c
is in domain of
at location dp, belongs to op, has brand dp, has connection with op, has model dp, has version dp
is in range of
has connection with op, owns op
is disjoint with
event c, collection c, application c, connection c

wearable musical thingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/iomust/WearableMusicalThing

A musical thing that is also wearable
has super-classes
musical thing c

wearable thingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/WearableThing

Any wearable object.
has super-classes
thing c

Object Properties

belongs toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/belongsTo

Belonging relationship, inverse of ownership

has characteristics: functional

has domain
thing c
has range
agent c or agent c
is inverse of
owns op

connectsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/connects

Inverse of iot:hasConnection
has domain
connection c
has range
connected thing c or thing c
is inverse of
has connection op

element ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/co#elementOf

This object property connects elements to their collection.

has characteristics: irreflexive

has domain
thing c
has range
collection c

has connectionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/hasConnection

A connected thing points to the connection through this property

has characteristics: asymmetric

has domain
connected thing c or thing c
has range
connection c
is inverse of
connects op

has connection withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things#hasConnectionWith

Connects a Thing with another Thing
has super-properties
top object property
has domain
thing c
has range
thing c

involvesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/involves

An application involves in the process things and agents (in the broader definition)

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
application c
has range
thing c or agent c or agent c
is inverse of
is involved in op

is involved inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/isInvolvedIn

Inverse of involves.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
thing c or agent c or agent c
has range
application c
is inverse of
involves op

is produced byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/isProducedBy

An application produces some effects on the environment, inverse of iot:produces.

has characteristics: inverse functional

has domain
event c
has range
application c
is inverse of
produces op

ownsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/owns

Ownership relationship

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
agent c or agent c
has range
thing c
is inverse of
belongs to op

producesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/produces

An application produces some effects on the environment.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
application c
has range
event c
is inverse of
is produced by op

runsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/runs

Smart things may be able to run software
has range
software agent c
is inverse of
runs on op

runs onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/runsOn

Software runs on smart things
has domain
software agent c
has range
smart thing c or thing c
is inverse of
runs op

Data Properties

at locationdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/atLocation

General location indication for things

has characteristics: functional

has domain
thing c
has range
literal

has branddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/hasBrand

Brand name, like FIAT, Ducati, Boeing, Gibson, Stradivari, and so on...
has domain
thing c
has range
literal

has modeldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/hasModel

Model name of the actual implementation.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
thing c
has range
literal

has versiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/iomust/internet_of_things/hasVersion

Version numbering of the actual implementation

has characteristics: functional

has domain
thing c
has range
literal

Annotation Properties

contributorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor

createdap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/created

creatorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

languageap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/language

rightsap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights

titleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
ni: Named Individuals

References back to ToC

L. Turchet, C. Fischione, G. Essl, D. Keller, and M. Barthet. Internet of Musical Things: Vision and Challenges. IEEE Access, 6, 61994–62017, 2018. PDF freely available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8476543

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.